Types of contracts

·         FIXED TERM - Is a contract that starts and ends on a particular date, or on completion of a specified task. People who would have this type of contract would be: runners, script writers and designers. Here is a real example of a fixed term contract

·          

·          

·          

·          

·         FREELANCE – They are self-employed people, or part of other companies who are self- employed. People who would have this type of contract would be runners, editors, scriptwriters, camera crew, lighting and sound engineers. Here is a real example of a freelance contract

·          

·          

·          

·          

·         HOURLY RATES -  The person is paid for the total number of hours actually worked, receiving a fixed sum for each hour worked as every hour  worked is an hour paid this is usually done on long projects, people who would have this type of contract would be. Runners, producers and directors. Here is a real example of a hourly rate contract

·         IRREGULAR PATTERNS -  An irregular hours contract is one under which a person is employed to do a specific, usually short term jobs that entail night time, bank holiday or weekend working. Examples in the film and TV industry are: runners and technical crew.  A real example of a irregular patterns contract could be a runner , they are needed during irregular hours to get food or make drinks for colleagues during the night.

·          

·          

·         OFFICE HOURS – This contract is where the employee works in office hours as and when, to fit in with the business needs and requirements usually 9 – 5 Here is a real example of a and breaks etc. are also taken into consideration within this time frame. Here is a real example of a office hours contract

·         PIECEWORK AND SHIFT WORK – With this type of contract an employee is only paid for the piece of work or task they complete. The rate is a fixed fee and paid per piece, unit or action produced regardless of the time taken to achieve the outcome. A real example of a piecework and shift work   contract could a graphic designer

Law is the system of rules which a particular country or community recognises as regulating the actions of its members.  Laws can be enforced by the imposition of penalties.

Ethics are the moral principles that govern peoples’ behaviour or the conducting of their activities. They are the underlying values and standards that are, or have been, set as the minimum expected of all individuals to meet.

Privacy law examples:

Two Facebook users this recently filed a class action complaint against the social network, Ars Technica reports, alleging that the messaging system inside Facebook is not as private as it’s advertised to be, and that the company actively mines for data from personal messages and generates likes based on the content exchanged between users. Facebook described its messaging system as “unprecedented,” when it comes to privacy controls, but the filing alleges that the company is actually accessing data gathered from chats without the user consent.

Copyright & Intellectual property

A good example of the more recent phenomenon, phone hacking, is that involving ‘News International,’ owned by newspaper magnate, Rupert Murdoch, in which the range of victims/alleged victims included Hollywood actress Angelina Jolie, the UK stars Charlotte Church and Jude Law, royals including Prince William, even the family of a 26 year old man who died in the 7/7 London bombings.

Penalties for breach of ethical values and standards are not enforceable by law

Libel is when the defamation is written down (including email, bulletin boards and websites), and slander is when the incident relates to words spoken.

In the Saturday 18 October 2008 episode of BBC's The Russell Brand Show  comedian Russell Brand and presenter Jonathan Ross left prank calls made to actor Andrew Sachs that led to controversy. Brand and Ross had called Sachs to interview on-air; but when he didn’t answer, they left a series of lewd messages on his answering machine, including comments about Brand's relationship with Sachs' granddaughter, Georgina Baillie.

Both Brand and Ross were criticised by a number of Members of Parliament, including Prime Minister at the time, Gordon Brown, and the BBC received a record number of complaints. In addition, both celebrities were found liable under the following broadcasting standards and regulations:

         Rule 2.1 – generally accepted standards must be applied to programmes

         Rule 2.3 – offensive material must be justified by the context

         Rule 8.1 – the ‘standard’ requiring adequate protection for members of the public from unwarranted infringements of privacy

         A fine of £70,000 was imposed for breaching rules 2.1 and 2.3 and a further £80,000 imposed for rule 8.1

Law is the system of rules which a particular country or community recognises as regulating the actions of its members and which may be enforced by the imposition of defined penalties. Examples of the laws that affect the film and TV industries are given below:

Privacy law

Libel is when the defamation is written down (including email, bulletin boards and websites), and slander is when the incident relates to words spoken.

Two Facebook users this recently filed a class action complaint against the social network, Ars Technica reports, alleging that the messaging system inside Facebook is not as private as it’s advertised to be, and that the company actively mines for data from personal messages and generates likes based on the content exchanged between users. Facebook described its messaging system as “unprecedented,” when it comes to privacy controls, but the filing alleges that the company is actually accessing data gathered from chats without the user consent.

The 'News of the World'. a division of News International, whose chairman and chief executive officer is Rupert Murdoch, were charged for phone-hacking 310 people, ranging from Hollywood A listers, such Angelina Jolie, UK stars such as Charlotte Church and Jude Law, royals including Prince William and members of the public who became victims of terrorism or heinous crimes such as Sheila Henry, the mother of 26 year old Christian Small who died in the King's Cross 7/7 bomb blast. 

Ethics are the underlying values, morals and standards that are, or have been, set as the minimum expected of all individuals to meet.

Fixed term a contract that starts and ends on a particular date, or on completion of a specified task.

People who would have this type of contract would be: runners, script writers, designers etc

Magazine Title: National Geographic




Typeface used: Bold Roman (serif) style indicating a long established publication and professional content and audience.


Colours used: Predominantly purple and orange to depict a busy city in the future which supports the main storyline of "7 Million - how your world will change," this being in the same typeface but bigger font size because of it's obvious top billing.


Cover content: In addition to the above, the front cover also contains outlines of several other topics being covered within the magazine, in upper and lower sans serif fonts to indicate they are subsidiary. The whole front cover contains less wording and photographs than more recent publications, again supporting this magazine's relative longevity.


Magazine Title:


Men's Fitness:


Typeface: Large bold sans serif font, possibly 'arial,' for the magazine name


Other wording in the same font as the magazine name but increasingly smaller, possibly to indicate decreasing importance and alternating from black to red as it goes down the page, possibly to reinforce some sort of corporate identity.

The Obscene Publications Act 1959 and 1964

Under the Obscene Publications Act it is illegal to release for public consumption any materials, such as newspapers, magazines, films, and TV programmes the content of which, when taken as a whole can be deemed obscene and could 'deprave and corrupt' a significant proportion of those likely to read, listen to or watch it.

Privacy law

Privacy law is a statutory law which protects everyone's right to their personal privacy despite their position in society,

Many recent examples of breach of the privacy law involve phone hacking.
 examples:

Two Facebook users this recently filed a class action complaint against the social network, Ars Technica reports, alleging that the messaging system inside Facebook is not as private as it’s advertised to be, and that the company actively mines for data from personal messages and generates likes based on the content exchanged between users. Facebook described its messaging system as “unprecedented,” when it comes to privacy controls, but the filing alleges that the company is actually accessing data gathered from chats without the user consent.

Copyright and Intellectual Property Law

The current gives the creators of any literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, sound, TV and/or film productions rights to control the ways in which their material can be used by others.

Case

Vanilla Ice, who had a hit in 1991 with the song 'Ice Ice Baby.' indicted on the grounds that parts their song contained parts of the song 'Under Pressure' by David Bowie and Queen without having been given permission for doing so. Though at first denying it, Vanilla Ice later retracted the statement saying it was “a joke”. Facing a lawsuit by the duo, Vanilla Ice confessed to 'sampling' the work.

Outcome

The case was settled privately out of court with Ice paying an undeclared sum of money and crediting Bowie/Queen on the track


Ethics definition moral principles that govern a person's behaviour or the conducting of an activity.
Law definition   the system of rules which a particular country or community recognizes as regulating the actions of its members and which it may enforce by the imposition of penalties.

Essentially therefore, ethics are the underlying values and standards that are, or have been, set as the minimum expected of all individuals to meet.

However, if breached, the law stipulates the penalties that can/may be imposed. 



Copyright & Intellectual property

Assignment

Introduction

Within this assignment I will research and produce a report on my TV show idea. I have been asked to research a TV show that is currently popular and that is in the same genre as my own choice. I will need to research the following points; channel and time that they are broadcast, weekely viewing figures from a website barb.co.uk which will indecate how popular my TV show will be compared to others in the same genre. I will also look at the different types of crew i will need to write and produce my reality TV show and explain their part / role that each crew member will have. I will also need to research where i will film my footage within the college and interview staff and students to be in my show.

-      

I have decided that my tv show is going to be called 'Educating Boro' . it will be aired on channel 4 at 9 pm untill 10:00 pm. the genre will be documentary and reality tv . my tv show will cover all the asspects of college life at a local college in middlesbrough. with cameras dotted about in different places around the college to vaputure different areas of the college and how the college functions day to day to include the various student culture at Middlesbrough College. These areas would include students studying Visual Performing Arts and would go into behind the scenes of rehersing for the Xmas Panto, other areas would look into the Kitchens and show students and staff preperaing lunches/dinners in real life situations in whilst studying to pass their qualificatyions highlighting the colourful characters of staff and student team memebers.filming in and out of classrooms and interviews including both staff and students. Taking part on student dayps or cultural trips abroad such as to New York and/or Dubai and similarly on enrichment and adventure trips e.g., skiing and orienteering with the Travel, Sports, Public Service staff. 

This TV programme will be simlar to the 'Educating Yorkshire' series.  Its format is based on the BAFTA Award-winning 2011 series Educating Essex A British documentary telivision programme. It follows the everyday lives of the staff and pupils of Thornhill Community Academy, a secondary school in West Yorkshire. it first aired on the 15th of September and it was the most popular sho on channel 4 during that week.
This TV programme was also filmed one year on and was broadcast 21 August 2014. This episode homed in on some particular students that the audience had already followed in the first series. This showed their progression from year 10 to year 11 and also captured students opening their GCSE results. 
If my first series was to be a sucess then this would give me an opertunity to re-visit Middlesbrough College and catch up with pervious students to follow their sucess rate into either employment or gaining their GCSE/ A Levels/ awarding body qulifications.

Here is an example from 'EDUCATING YORKSHIRE' which follows one student who has a stammer and shows his progress throughout the academic year. It is thissortof scenario that I will aim to produce along with a successful and highly emotional conclusion.

The main difference i would make would be to focus more on the staff and behind the scenes , e.g security, cleaners, maintenance. Also to follow some selected students throughout their college life and we would hope to revisit these students/teachers etc a year later to see what has happened to them resulting in a second series. This can be measured on viewing satistics on series one to see if it wouyld be viable to shoot a second series. Anallaysing the sucess rates of former reality TV shows prove popular and go onto produce more series.

It is anticipated that the main audience will be females of most ages from 12 upwards who also tend to watch similar TV shows such as 'Educating Essex,' 'Educating Yorkshire' 'Bad Education, and ''Waterloo Road as well as films such as 'School of Rock,' 'Bad Teacher' and 'High School Musical.'




For the production phase we would require the following roles:


Producer 
 A producer will be needed as they play a vital role within the television and film industry. A producer will overses the whole project from start to finish to make sure that everything runs sommthly. They will also be involved of the marketing and distribution of the project. Producers work closely wth the director and some other production staff working on the set.

Director 
A Director of a fim or tv show controls a films artistic and its dramatic aspects, he must visulize the script and will guide the technical crew and actors throughout filming. The Director has one of the main deciding contributions when hiring the cast members, production design and all creative aspects of the filmmaking.

Script writer
A Script writer is someone who writes a script for a  film, or broadcast. They prepare stories, plots instructions and dialogues. They also create the characters for the film etc. A script writter is very important as without a script writter there is no production.

Editor
Using computer technology, TV editors mix video footage and add music, sound effects, and audio when necassary.

Camera operators (3)
These are people that are professional camera operators and  physically control camera equipment both in studio and on location for film. 

Interviewer
An interviewr is a person that wouold liaise with the director and interview and audition cast members appropriate for the percific roles to make sure they have the right cast member to play the part neeeded.
Presenter/Narrator
A presenter introduces/ hosts the documentry / public event, also some presenters double as an actor in some broadcasts.

Sound Editor
A Sound Editor is someone who is a professional and responsible for selecting and putting together sound recordings ready for the final sound mixing for the final broadcast/film.

Lighting engineers (2)
Lighting technicians are involved in put up the stage / set they control artificial light for telivision/film production.
We would also require the following equiment:-

• Cameras 
• Microphones
• Video editing software
• Audio editing software

Proof read and corrected version:

Assignment

Introduction

Within this assignment I will research and produce a report on my TV show idea. I have been asked to research a TV show that is currently popular and that is in the same genre as my own choice. I will need to research the following points; channel and time that they are broadcast, weekly viewing figures from a website barb.co.uk which will indicate how popular my TV show will be compared to others in the same genre. I will also look at the different types of crew I will need to write and produce my reality TV show and explain their part / role that each crew member will have. I will also need to research where I will film my footage within the college and interview staff and students to be in my show.

-     

I have decided that my TV show is going to be called 'Educating Boro' . It will be aired on channel 4 at 9 pm until 10:00 pm. the genre will be documentary and reality TV. My TV show will cover all the aspects of college life at a local college in Middlesbrough. With cameras dotted about in different places around the college to capture different areas of the college and how the college functions day to day to include the various student culture at Middlesbrough College. These areas would include students studying Visual Performing Arts and would go into behind the scenes of rehearsing for the Xmas Panto, other areas would look into the Kitchens and show students and staff preparing lunches/dinners in real life situations in whilst studying to pass their qualifications highlighting the colourful characters of staff and student team members. Filming in and out of classrooms and interviews including both staff and students. Taking part on student days or cultural trips abroad such as to New York and/or Dubai and similarly on enrichment and adventure trips e.g., skiing and orienteering with the Travel, Sports, Public Service staff.

This TV programme will be similar to the 'Educating Yorkshire' series.  Its format is based on the BAFTA Award-winning 2011 series Educating Essex a British documentary television programme. It follows the everyday lives of the staff and pupils of Thornhill Community Academy, a secondary school in West Yorkshire. It first aired on the 15th of September and it was the most popular show on channel 4 during that week.

This TV programme was also filmed one year on and was broadcast 21 August 2014. This episode focused on some particular students that the audience had already followed in the first series. This showed their progression from year 10 to year 11 and also captured students opening their GCSE results.

If my first series was to be a success then this would give me an opportunity to re-visit Middlesbrough College and catch up with pervious students to follow their success rate into either employment or gaining their GCSE/ A Levels/ awarding body qualifications.

Here is an example from 'EDUCATING YORKSHIRE' which follows one student who has a stammer and shows his progress throughout the academic year. It is this sort of scenario that I will aim to produce along with a successful and highly emotional conclusion.

The main difference I would make would be to focus more on the staff and behind the scenes, e.g. security, cleaners, maintenance. Also to follow some selected students throughout their college life and we would hope to revisit these students/teachers etc. a year later to see what has happened to them resulting in a second series. This can be measured on viewing statistics on series one to see if it would be viable to shoot a second series. Analysing the success rates of former reality TV shows prove popular and go onto produce more series.

It is anticipated that the main audience will be females of most ages from 12 upwards who also tend to watch similar TV shows such as 'Educating Essex,' 'Educating Yorkshire' 'Bad Education, and ''Waterloo Road as well as films such as 'School of Rock,' 'Bad Teacher' and 'High School Musical.'

For the production phase we would require the following roles:

Producer

 A producer will be needed as they play a vital role within the television and film industry. A producer will oversee the whole project from start to finish to make sure that everything runs smoothly. They will also be involved of the marketing and distribution of the project. Producers work closely with the director and some other production staff working on the set.

Director

A Director of a film or TV show controls a films artistic and its dramatic aspects, he must visualize the script and will guide the technical crew and actors throughout filming. The Director has one of the main deciding contributions when hiring the cast members, production design and all creative aspects of the filmmaking.

Script writer

A Script writer is someone who writes a script for a film, or broadcast. They prepare stories, plots instructions and dialogues. They also create the characters for the film etc. A script writer is very important as without a script writer there is no production.

Editor

Using computer technology, TV editors mix video footage and add music, sound effects, and audio when necessary.

Camera operators (3)

These are people that are professional camera operators and physically control camera equipment both in studio and on location for film.

Interviewer

An interviewer is a person that would liaise with the director and interview and audition cast members appropriate for the specific roles to make sure they have the right cast member to play the part needed.

Presenter/Narrator

A presenter introduces/ hosts the documentary / public event, also some presenters double as an actor in some broadcasts.

Sound Editor

A Sound Editor is someone who is a professional and responsible for selecting and putting together sound recordings ready for the final sound mixing for the final broadcast/film.

Lighting engineers (2)

Lighting technicians are involved in put up the stage / set they control artificial light for television/film production.

We would also require the following equipment:-

Cameras

Microphones

Video editing software

Audio editing software

Job roles in the TV & Film industries

The available job roles are many and varied in terms of both duties, responsibilities, length of time they will be required, types of contract and amounts they get paid.

Below are a selection of job roles that demonstrate this range and variety:

Runner 

Responsibilities: Are essential and varied but can be menial, such as making drinks for other people, cleaning up sets and green rooms and general administration such as photocopying.  However it can also be interesting, such as meeting and greeting important guests and TV/movie stars.

Runners can be involved in either the pre-production, actual production or pre-production.

Salary: Can be free of charge, e.g., on an internship, to gain experience and/or make contacts or can be hourly paid.

Video Editor

Using computer technology, TV editors mix video footage and add music, sound effects, and audio when necassary.

here is a job advert for a video editor role from mandy.com  

Salary: piece work and  fixed term

Paid £400 per video (3 days) Video editing needed for Higher Education marketing videos. 3 days' editing required per video, there are up to 10 available videos to allocate. The requirement includes a full edit cycle, including colour grade and sound design I'm looking for applicants who are Video Editors as their sole occupation, as opposed to Video Production all-rounders. You will have lots of corporate video production experience and will be proficient in the use of Adobe Premiere Pro. Please send examples of your work that are relevant to this job

Presenter / Script Editor

A presenter introduces/ hosts the program / public event, also some presenters double as an actor in some broadcasts. A Script editor is someone who writes a script for a  film, or broadcast. They prepare stories, plots instructions and dialogues. They also create the characters for the film etc. A script editor is very important as without a script editor there is no production.

Salary:

Paid £30,000 pa + car Duration: Permanent and Full time position  The Presenter Part: A broadcast presenter is the public face, or voice, of PSA programmes broadcast on the internet. Their role is always to entertain and inform their audiences by presenting in an accessible and engaging way. The Script Writer Part: You will be required to deliver scripts on time, in the specified format, and to the agreed length. Skills and knowledge • Excellent communication and presentation skills; • Performance skills with a good and clear voice; • Ability to generate original ideas; • Personable; • Motivation • Self-belief with a confident manner • A broad range of interests, including current affairs; • Good research and interviewing skills; • Confidence and the ability to sell yourself; • Excellent personal presentation • Excellent organisational and time management skills • The ability to take the initiative and make quick decisions • Team-working skills; • Creativity and problem-solving skills • Passport holder • Driving licence

Production Co-ordinator / Assistant Manager

 A producer will be needed as they play a vital role within the television and film industry. A producer will overses the whole project from start to finish to make sure that everything runs sommthly. They will also be involved of the marketing and distribution of the project. Producers work closely wth the director and some other production staff working on the set.

Description: To provide assistance and report back to the producer and project manager. Pay: £72 per day plus travel expenses and catering. Part Time: 2 days from 10am - 6pm each day

Camera Operator

                                      These are people that are professional camera operators and  physically control camera equipment both in studio and on location for film. 

The ideal candidate will be confident, and have hands on experience in camera, sound and lighting.

Part time - for 2 days from 9 to 5 each day.

Pay: £700 plus expenses (travel & refreshments).

Lead Rigger

The main responsibility of a lead rigger is to direct and coordinate the setting up and dismantling of all background sets and for their maintenance and repair if/as required, all in accordance with stringent health  safety requirements and with the project plan/schedule.

Key aspects of the role include to assess the work being done on rigs by others and provide relevant and accurate feedback where and when required in order to maintain quality of characters.

There is also an expectation for the Lead to be actively involved, in conjunction with the supervisor, in advancing the general work standards of the studio.

The role also requires close liaison with the rigging supervisor to assess upcoming project requirements and also other department leads to ensure character assets adhere to quality and technical specifications.

Pay: Depending on experience between £24,000 - £38,000

Contract: Fixed term

Fixed Term Contracts are used when a specific person or persons is/are required to perform a specified task within a specified time period.  For example, the completion of a script for a film or TV programme by a set finish date or covering for an employee who is on long-term sickness or maternity leave, e.g., a receptionist or administrator.

A freelance worker is a person who is self-employed and is not necessarily committed to a particular employer long-term. He/she may be a specialist area required for a film or TV programme, e.g., a graphic designer or photographer.

Hourly Rate contracts are generally used when the work involved may be spasmodic throughout the duration of a set project, for instance when an actor may only be required in a single scene or a few parts of the film.

Piece work: Is where a person is paid a lump sum for a specific task. For example, a sound editor may be paid for each individual piece of audio work.

Shift Work: Is where the job will entail more than the standard amount spent working, e.g., 24 hour surveillance of the set by trained security staff.

Assignment
Ownership & Funding in Creative Media Secors

TV and film companies can all have different structures and funding sources depending on their size and geographical location.

The principal TV companies in the UK are the The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and Independent Television (ITV).  Details of how each is financed and structured are provided below:


The BBC

•       Is the public-service broadcaster for the United Kingdom, headquartered at Broadcasting House in London and a major subsidiary in Salford near Manchester.
•       The BBC is established under Royal Charter. Under this Charter, the BBC is governed by the BBC Trust, which sets strategic directions and has a  duty to represent the interests of license fee payers. Hence, the Trust sets purpose remits, issues licenses to service users and holds the Executive Board to account for its performance in delivering BBC services across its full range which includes television, radio, internet, news and music.
•       The BBC's editorial independence and public obligations are defined and monitored by the Government Department of Culture, Media and Sport. 
•       An Executive Board, comprising Directors from across the whole of the BBC, is responsible for the operational management of the BBC. 
•      The BBC's organisational structure is hierarchical with overall control in the hands of the Governor  General and it's main constituent parts are arranged horizontally.  However, certain external elements are sometimes also utilised, on a vertically integrated basis, for  specific purposes, such as for the production of the 'Sherlock' for which the services of Hartswood Studios, in the UK, and WGBH from Massachusetts, USA, were bought in.
•       The BBC is mainly funded by charging British households a license fee, but other funding sources include selling rights for programmes, e,g.,'Mock the week' and 'Top Gear' to other channels such as 'Dave' and by arranging the distribution of some of their most popular films and programmes in DVD and/or Blu-Ray' format. 

ITV

• is a commercial TV network in the United Kingdom. launched in 1955 to provide competition to the BBC. 
• It is a network of television channels that operate on a regional basis.
  
• It's strong daytime programmes, such as Loose Women,  This Morning, Dickinson's Real Deal and game shows Tipping Point and The Chase are very popular
• Funding for ITV comes principally from advertising and sponsorships but also from selling rights for programmes, such as                 and by arranging the distribution of some of its most popular films and programmes in DVD and/or Blu-Ray' format. 
  
• ITV is not owned or operated by one company like the BBC, but run by a series of licensees that provide a regional service and also broadcast programmes across the whole ITV network. by arranging for regional operators, such as STV and UTV, to pay a fee to broadcast their programmes.  

I      INDEPENDENT FILM COMPANIES

       

      

     There are two main types of business structures that independent filmmakers consider when setting up their businesses:

      Limited Partnerships

 

      Is a partnership in which two or more people agree to form a working group, but in which here must be at least one one partner who assumes joint and several liability for the whole partnership's debts and liabilities whilst  the liability of the other partners can be limited.

      Limited Liability Company (LLC): Is owned by its members, who are not personally liable for the company's debts and liabilities but who are liable individually for taxation purposes. This is an increasingly popular option for independent film production companies.

      

      Independent filmmakers in the UK are funded by the British Film Institute (BFI) the main objectives of which are to increase audiences for British films both at home and abroad, for example by investing Lottery funds in film development and production.  

       Commercial Filmmakers

      

•